Present Perfect Tense

(+) S + Have/Has + V3 + O         => We have eaten breakfast
(-) S + Have/Has + Not + V3 + O => We have not eaten breakfast
(?) Have/Has + S +  V3 + O? => Have we eaten breakfast? Yes/No

CONVERSATION ...
Steve   : Hey, this sounds strange – snails with garlic. Have you ever eaten snails?
Kathy  :Yes, I have. I had them here just last week.
Steve   : Did you like them?
Kathy  : Yes, I did. They were delicious! Why don’t you try some?
Steve   : No, I don’t think so.
Waiter : Have you decided on an appetizer yet?
Kathy  : Yes, I’ll have a small order of the snails, please.
Waiter : And you, sir?
Steve   : I think I’ll have the fried brains.
Kathy  : Fried brains? I’ve never heard of that! It sounds scary

EXERCISE ...
1.  A : Have you ever ……. (be) to a picnic at the beach?
     B : Yes, I ……. . We …… (cook) hamburgers.

2.  A : Have you …. (try) sushi?
     B : No. I ….., but I’d like to.

3.  A : Have you ever ….. (eat) Mexican food?
     B : Yes, I ….. . In fact, I ….. (eat) some just last week.

REQUESTS WITH MODALS AND WOULD YOU MIND

EXERCISE!!!

Match the request with the appropriate responses

1. Could you lend me twenty dollars? ...d...

2. Can you get me a sandwich? ...

3. Can you help me move to my new house? ...

4. Would you mind not sitting here? ...

5. Could you move your car from my space? ...

6. Would you mind not talking so loudly? ...

a. We’re sorry. We’ll talk more quietly.

b. I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away

c. Sorry. I didn’t realize this seat was taken

d. Are you kidding? I don’t have any cash.

e. I’m really sorry, but I’m busy.

f. Sure, no problem. I’d be glad to

TWO PART VERBS

COVERSATION

Mr. Field : Jason …. Jason! Turn down the TV, please.

Jason : Oh, but this is my favorite program !

Mr. Field : I know. But it’s very loud.

Jason : Ok. I’ll turn it down.

Mr. Field : That’s better. Thanks

Mrs. Field : Lisa, please pick up your things. They’re all over the floor.

Lisa : In a minute, Mom. I’m on the phone.

Mrs. Field : All right. But do it as soon as you hang up.

Lisa : Ok. No problem!

With nouns

-Turn down the TV.

-Turn the TV down.

-Pick up your things.

-Pick your things up

With pronouns  Request & Response

-Turn it down   

-Pick them up.   

Request & Response

-Please turn down the music

-Ok. I’ll turn it down

-Pick up your clothes, please

-All right. I’ll pick them up

EXERCISE!!!

Complete the requests with these words

1. Pick up the toys, please.

2. Turn …… off, please.     

3. Clean …… up, please.

4. Please put ……. Away.

5. Please turn down …….

6. Please take off …….

7. Hang …. Up, please.

8. Please take out ………
  9. Please let …. Out.
10. Turn on …., please.

LEARN THE SYMBOL

EXERCISE!!!

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE

EXERCISE!!!

Complete these statements about transportation problems.

1. There are ….. Police officers.

2. There should be …. Cars in the city.

3. There is …. Public transportation.

4. The government needs to build …. Highways.

5. There should be …. Noise.

6. We should have …. Public parking garages.

7. There is …. Air pollution in the city.

8. There are ….. Cars parked on the streets.

PAST OF BE

Were you in Hawaii? Yes, I was

Was the weather ok? No, it wasn’t

Were you and your brother on vacation? Yes, we were

Were your parents there? No, they weren’t

How long were you away? I was away for a week

How was your vacation? It was excellent

I, she, he, it = was

You, they, we = were

Weren’t = were not

Wasn’t = was not

We’re = we were

EXERCISE!!!

1. A : How long ... your parents in Europe?

    B : They ... three for two weeks

    A : ... they in London the whole time?

    B : No, they ... . They also went to Paris

2. A : ... you in Los Angeles last weekend?

    B : No, I ... . I in San Francisco

    A : How ... it?

    B : It ... great! But it ... foggy and cool as usual

3.  A : ... you away last week?

    B : Yes, I ... in Istanbul

    A : Really? How long ... you there?

    B : For almost a week. I ... there on business

SIMPLE PAST

(+) S  + V2 + O               à We ate banana

(-) S + DIDN’T + V1 + O à We didn’t eat banana

(?) DID + S + V1 + O      à Did we eat banana?

Wh Quetion + DID + S + V1 + O  à What did we eat? We eat banana

CONVERSATION

Rick     : So, what did you do last weekend, Meg?

Meg     : Oh, I had a great time. I went to a karaoke bar and sang with some friends on Saturday.

Rick     : That sounds like fun. Did you go to Lucky’s?

Meg     : No, we didn’t. We went to that new place downtown. How about you? Did you go anywhere?

Rick     : No, I didn’t go anywhere all weekend. I just stayed home and studied for today’s Spanish test.

Meg     : Our Spanish test is today? I forgot all about that!

Rick     : Don’t worry. You always get an A

EXERCISE!!!

Complete these conversations

     1. A : …… you …… (stay) home on Saturday?

         B : No, ... ... , I ….. (call) my friend. We ….(drive) to a café for lunch

2. A : How …. You ….. (spend) your last birthday?

    B : I .... (have) a party. Everyone ... (enjoy) it, but the neighnors .. (not, like) the noise

3.  A : What ... you ... (do) last night?

    B : I ….. (go) to the new Jim Carrey film. I ….. (love) it !

4. A : ... you ... (do) anything special over the weekend?

    B : Yes I ... . I ... (go) shopping. Unfortunately I ... (spend) all my money

5. A : .... you ... (go) out on Friday night?

    B : No, I ... . I ... (invite) friends over and I ... (cook) dinner for them

TIME EXPRESSION

I get up at 7:00 in the morning on weekdays

I go to bed around ten in the evening on weeknights

I leave work early in the afternoon on weekends

I get home late at night on fridays

I stay up until midnight

I wake up before/after noon

*Expressing Clock Time

7:00

Seven

Seven o’clock

7:00 A.M = in the morning

7:00 P.M = in the evening

EXERCISE!!!

1. I get up ... six ... the morning ... weekdays

2. I go to bed ... midnight ... weeknights

3. I start work ... 11:30 ... night

4. I have lunch ... three ... the afternoon ... Fridays

5. I stay up ... 1:00 A.M ... weekends

6. I have a little snack ... 9:00 ... the evening

7. I sleep ... noon ... Sundays

Exercise

Yes No and Wh questions with do

Do you like rap?

     Yes, i do. I like it a lot.

     No, i don’t like it very much.

 Does he play the piano?

     Yes, he does.

     No, he doesn’t.

Do they like the beatles?

     Yes, they do. They love them.

     No, they don’t like them very much.

What kind of music do you like?

     I like music rock very much.

What does he play?

     He plays the guitar.

Who do they like?

     They like U2

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EXERCISE

Complete these conversations

1. A: .... You like science fiction movies?     

    B: No, i ... .  I don’t like ... Very much.

2. A: ... Jake and lisa like soap operas?    

    B: I think Jake ..., but i don’t know about lisa. Why don’t you ask ... ?

3. A: what ... Of music ... Noriko and ethan like ?    

    B: They love classical music. Noriko really likes yo-yo ma    

    A: ... He play?    

    B: The cello. I have his new CD. Let’s listen to ... .

Request

Can : It is used to ask for something, to ask for permission, and to ask someone to do something

Could : It is used to ask for something, less direct and more polite, to ask for permission, and to ask someone to do something

May : It is used to ask for something, the most formal, to ask for permission

Will : It is used to ask someone to do something

Would : It is used to ask someone to do something, less direct and more polite

Could/Would : polite >> you can say “No”

Can/Will : direct >> you can’t say “No”

“Polite offers with Would You Like?”

Would you like + noun phrase

Would you like some tea? Yes, thanks/No, thanks

Would you like a glass of water? Yes, thanks/No, thanks

Would; verb + to + verb

Would you like to go out on Friday? Yes, I’d (I would)

Would you like to come over the dinner? I’d like to, but i have to work late

EXERCISE

Respond to  three invitations. Then write three invitations for the given responses.

1. A: i have tickets to the baseball game. On Saturday, would you like to go.    

    B: ..................................................

2. A: Would you like to come over for dinner tomorrow night?    

    B: ..................................................

3. A: Would you like to go  to a pop concert with me this weekend.?

    B: ...................................................

4. A: .....................................................................................?    

    B: Yes i’d love to. Thank you.

5. A: ......................................................................................?   

    B: Well, i’d like to. But i have to study.

6. A: ......................................................................................?    

    B: Yes, thank you. I’d really like to see it.

Present Continuous Tense

Adverb of time : now, at this moment, right now, today, this year

Formula for verbal :

(+) S + to be (am,are,is)  + Ving + O

(-) S + to be (am,are,is)  + Not + Ving + O

(?) To be (am,are,is)   + S + Ving + O? Yes/No

(WH Question) WH Question + to be + S + Ving + O?

Example :

(+) She is eating bread

(-) She is not eating bread

(?) Is she eating bread?

WH Question

“Bella is playing doll in the bedroom now”

Who is playing doll?

“Bella is playing doll in the bedroom now ”

When is she playing doll?

“Bella is playing doll in the bedroom now”

Where is she playing doll?

Formula for nominal :

(+) S + to be + being + O

(-) S + to be + not + being + O

(?) to be + S + being + O

Example :

(+) She is being smart

(-) She is not being smart

(?) Is she being smart?

EXERCISE

Complete these conversations

1. A: Hi, stephanie. What ... You ... (do) ?

    B:  Hey, mark. I ... (stand) in the elevator and it’s stuck!

    A: Oh, No! Are you ok?

    B: Yeah! I – wait! It ...(move) now. Thank  goodness.

2. A:  Marci, how ... You and justin ... (enjoy) your shopping trip?

    B: We ... (have) a lot of fun.

    A: ... Your brother ...  (spend) a lot of money?

    B: No, mom!  He ... (buy) Only one or two things. That’s all

Adverbs of Frequency

How often do you exercise?

      I lift weights every day

      I go jogging once a week

      I play soccer twice a month

      I swim about three times a year

      I don’t exercise very often/much

Do you ever watch TV in the evening?

     Yes, I often watch tv after dinner

     I sometimes watch tv before bed

     Sometimes I watch tv before bed

     I hardly ever watch tv

      No, I never watch TV

100% ALWAYS

85% USUALLY

75% FREQUENTLY

60% OFTEN

50% SOMETIMES

40% OCCASIONALLY

30% RARELY

20% SELDOM

10% HARDLY EVER

0% NEVER

EXERCISE

Put the Adverb in the correct place

1. A: Do you play sport? (ever)    

    B: Sure, I play soccer. ( twice a week )

2. A: What do you do on Saturday mornings? (Usually)   

    B:  Nothing much. I sleep until noon (almost always)

3. A: Do you do aerobics at the gym?(often)    

    B: No, I do aerobics. (hardly ever)

4. A : Do you exercise on Sundays? (always)   

     B: No, I exercise on  Sundays.  (Never)

5. A: What do you do after class? (usually)   

    B: I go out with my classmates . (About three times a week)

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Questions with how; short answers

How often do you work out?

>> Every day/ twice a week/ not very often

How long do you spend at the gym?

>> Thirty minues a day / two hours a week

 How well do you play tennis?

>> Pretty well / about average /not very well

 How good are you at sport?

>> Pretty good / ok / not so good

 

EXERCISE

Complete these conversations

1. A: ... At Volleyball?    

    B: I guess, i’m pretty good. I often play on weekends.

2. A: ... Spend online?   

    B: About an hour after dinner. I like to chat with my friend.

3. A: ... Play cards?   

    B: Once or twice a month. it’s a good way to relax.

4. A: ... type?    

    B: Not very well, actually. i need to take a typing class

Demontratives

Demontratives : One and ones

That : near,  1

These : near, >1

That : far, 1

Those : far, >1

Example :

How much is this doll?

>> How much is this one?

How much is that doll?

>> How much is that one?

Which doll?

>>Which one?  The blue one

Using “One”

Which dress do you want ?

>> I want the red one

>>  I want this one

>> I don’t want that one

Which one is yours?

>> This is mine

>> This one is mine

Which dressess do you want?

>> I want the cotton ones

>> I want these

>> I don’t want the wool ones

>> I don’t want those

Which ones are yours?

>> These are mine

EXERCISE

Complete these conversations

1. A : Excuse me, how much ... jeans?

    B : Which ...? Do you mean ...?

    A : No, the light blue ...

    B : Oh, ... are $59.95

2. C : I like ... backpack over there. How much ... it?

    D : Which ...?

    C : The red ...

    D : It’s $27.49, but ... green .. is only $22.25

Degree of Comparison

• Positive degree :

As + adj/adv + as

The same + noun + as

Example :

The art of singing is as old as humanity

Kevin is the same height as Alex

• Comparative degree :

Adj/adv + -er + than >> (smart,cute,large,strong,big,clever) >> one breath

More +adj/adv + than >> (ex-pen-sive,luxury,beautiful) >> more than one breath

Example :

Kevin is smarter than Alex

Kevin is more handsome than Alex

• Superlative degree :

The + adj/adv + -est >> (smart,cute,large,strong,big,clever) >> one breath

The most + adj/adv >>  (ex-pen-sive,l luxury,beautiful) >> more than one breath

Example :

Kevin is the smartest student in his class

Kevin is the most populer student

• Remember :

Don’t forget about to be (am,is,are) after subject

• Special :

Good >> better than >> the best

Bad >> worse than >> the worst

Much/many >> more than >> the most

Little >> less than >> the least

Far >> farther/further than >> the farthest/furthest

Farther or further?

My home is farther than you >> distance

I need further information >> abstract noun

EXERCISE

Complete these conversations

1. A: Which dress is ... (pretty), the yellow one or the green one?

    B: Well,the green one is silk. And silk is ... (expensive) polyester.

2. A: Is this blue t-shirt ... (large) the red and white one?

    B: No, the red and white one is ... (big). It’s mediumthe blue one is a small.

3. A: Look at these pants! Which ones do you like ... (good)?    

    B: I prefer the green cotton ones. They’re ... (stylish) the wool ones

Simple Present Tense

Use it for : Facts, habitual actions, things that don’t/won’t change, describing yourself

Adverb of time : Usually, regularly, sometimes, never, always, often, everyday, every week once a week, habitually, frequently

Formula for verbal :

(+) S + V1/Vs/es + O 

(-) S + DON’T/DOESN’T + V1 + O 

(?) DO/DOES +S +  V1 + O

(WH QUESTION) WH QUESTION + DO/DOES +S +  V1 + O

Rules for he/she/it “

·         
        -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o = -es

Example :

I miss – he misses

I finish – he finishes

I watch – he watches

I mix – he mixes

I go – he goes             

·         
       A consonant + y = -ies

Example :

I study : he studies

I cry : he cries

·   
       A vowel + y = -s

Example :

I play : he plays

I eat : he eats

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Example :

(+) They take a bus to college with their teacher

      She takes a bus to college with her teacher

(-) They don’t take a bus to college with their teacher

     She doesn’t take a bus to college with her teacher

(?) Do they take a bus to college with their teacher? Yes/No

      Does she take a bus to college with her teacher? Yes/No

WH QUESTION :

1. “They take a bus to college with their teacher”

>>Who do take a bus to college with teacher?

2. “They take a bus to college with their teacher”

>>How do they go to college with their teacher?

>>What do they do to college with their teacher?

3. “They take a bus to college with their teacher”

>>Where do they go with their teacher?

4. “They take a bus to college with their teacher”

>>Whom do they take a bus to college?

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Formula for nominal :

(+) S + TO BE + O

(-) S + TO BE + NOT + O

(?) TO BE + S + O? Yes/No

Remember :

I : am

You : are

We : are

They : are

She : is

He : is

It : is

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Example :

(+) She is beautiful

      We are beautiful

(-) She is not beautiful

     We are not beautiful

(?) Is she beautiful? Yes/No

      Are we beautiful? Yes/No

EXERCISE

Complete these sentences

1. What ... she do?

2. I ... bread everyday

3. She ... volleyball once a week

4. ... they eat soup?

5. ... Bella cute?

6. Kevin ... not dilligent boy

7. .... Alex swim?

8. We ... read a newspaper

9. What ... you do?

10. I ... football